How to do Brand Valuation?

The business valuation process is a challenging task. While the valuation of a brand may seem simple and appealing, they offer proper financial techniques, the truth is the bigger a brand is, the more complex and challenging the task of brand valuation is. A lot of factors should be taken into account and the valuation of trademarks, patents, goodwill, etc. also play a major role in the process.

Brand Valuation refers to the process that is used to calculate the value of a brand or the amount of money a third party is willing to pay for it or the financial value of the brand.

COST-BASED APPROACH OF BRAND VALUATION

The techniques under this method are concerned with the costs that are used in creating or replacing the brand. It is further subdivided into the following methods:

• Historical Cost Method - The approach includes the historical cost of making the brand as the actual brand value. It is regularly used on the preliminary levels of brand creation when specific market applications and advantages cannot yet be identified. However, the shortfalls of this approach are that there exist difficulties as to what could classify as marketing costs and the next amortization of marketing cost as a percent of sales over the brand's expected life.
• Replacement Cost Method - This method states that the brand valuation should be done by taking into account all the expenditures and investments that are required to replace the brand with a new one that has equivalent value to the company. The drawback for this method is that though it makes the calculation convenient and easy, however, it looks over the success of an established brand.

Original Source - https://bit.ly/3hTHuso

Why TEV Study Is Important For A New Business Venture/Expansion Project?

 Techno-Economic Viability (TEV) Study provides an appraisal of technological parameters of projects and their impact on the financial viability of projects. A TEV study is a risk mitigation exercise undertaken by banks and financial institutions prior to a decision taken by a bank or financial institutions on its lending decisions for projects.

No project can be absolutely riskless and hence the analysis of the degree of technical risk and associated financial viability, through a Techno-Economic Viability Study (TEVS) is to assist lenders to take a view on the acceptability of the degree of risk involved in a project.
 
A TEV study takes into account an analysis of technological risk, market risk, regulatory risk, financial risk. A critical evaluation of these parameters is essential for a meaningful TEV study. The TEV study is a continuous process, carried out from the development phase till the execution of the project.

Resurgent India, with the right skill sets to deliver, assists banks and financial institutions perform TEV studies.

Aim of TEV study 

• Reveal the strengths and weaknesses of an existing business.
• Analyze the threats and opportunities in the current environment.
• Streamline all the resources required to make it a success.
• Understand the prospects of the project.
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This study is required by banks, asset reconstruction companies (ARCs), engineering firms, and other institutions for the following purposes:

• Project loans appraisal
• Project financing (that includes term loans)
• Revitalizing distress assets
• Sharpen leadership skills to manage your team
• Cut expenses without compromising on quality
• Automate your business

The key objective of this study is to get a detailed insight into the project descriptions, accounting statements, resource allocations, legal requirements, financial data, tax obligations, etc.

This study is mandatory before technical development and project execution to identify if the project is profitable or not.

Benefits 

• Acquire a crystal-clear idea of whether the project is likely to be successful even before you decide on the human resources, time, and effort.
• Improve the project team’s focus and efficiency.
• Allow you to detect and capitalize on new opportunities.
• Help you to understand the how’s and why’s of the project before even starting it.
• Give you time to streamline your business alternatives.
• Detect problems beforehand and aid in troubleshooting it.
• Enables risk mitigation.
• Get valuable insights to the team members and stakeholders about all the possibilities of the project.

 

The TEV Study encompasses of all the elements required to conclude at an informed judgment to accept a project for lending or investment purpose. Rakesh Narula & Co. provides you with a TEV Report that projects a realistic view of both the positive and negative aspects of a project.

 

Critical Areas of TEV Study

Given below is all the knowledge you need while getting a TEV study report prepared.

• Evaluating the project's sponsors- Getting funds for a business venture also depends on the profile of the sponsors. Hence a TEV report must include the personal and financial profile of the promoters. Their record is also an important factor in determining if you will get the requisite funding for your project.
• Choosing a skilled team for handling the project- A project's success also depends on its people. It is recommended that the project members have expertise from different fields such as HR, Finance, Project implementation, etc.
• Technical evaluation- It is important to assess the project's technical components to reap good results in the future. One must conduct in-depth research on the latest technological equipment and other important resources in advance.
• Financial feasibility- One of the most vital aspects of a TEV study is that the project must be financially viable. It means that the project when executed, must bring good returns, or generate appropriate cash flows to clear the debt. While determining its financial workability, many factors are kept in mind, such as the requirement of the term loan, capital requirement, ratio analysis, etc.
• Market Evaluation- The project idea should be such that it meets the demands of the future market. The demand and supply for future needs must be enough to meet the marketing trends. Hence one must keep in mind this factor while preparing a feasibility study.
•  Simulation analysis/Sensitivity analysis– In this method, you carry out infinite calculations to obtain possible outcomes and probabilities for any choice of action. This financial model is commonly used to predict the outcome of a decision using certain variables In this case, you analyse the impact of variation in key assumptions like selling and raw material prices to know the financial viability of the project.
• SWOT Analysis- SWOT stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats. It is a strategic planning tool that includes identifying internal and external factors or highlighting the objectives of the project to find the favorable and unfavorable elements to achieve the desired goal.
• Risk Analysis- Last but definitely not least, risk analysis is mandatory. It is conducted by identifying operational risk, market risk, financial risk, and risk in resource mobilization, project execution, regulatory and political risk. The simple reason to include this study is to mitigate the identified risk and come up with preventive measures to overcome issues in the near future.

Conclusion.

TEV is an integral component of project management, such as starting a new business venture or an expansion project. A reliable TEV study will assist you in reducing the risks associated with the project and help you get an unbiased view of the pros and cons of your project. Eliminating the flaws of your project before executing to bring huge returns, and you can obtain more funding to turn your dreams into reality.

Hence always choose experts from the investment banking field while preparing your TEV study. The experts from Resurgent India will guide you step by step for the feasibility report and make you achieve your business goals. For more information visit our website.

Original Source: Why TEV Study Is Important For A New Business Venture/Expansion Project?

One-Time Loan Restructuring – Definition, Advantages, and Disadvantages

 

What is Loan Restructuring?

Loan Restructuring fundamentally means the modification of the loan terms and conditions. When a borrower faces financial distress, he can opt to revisit, negotiate and revise the loan terms and reduce the chances of any payment default. The loan restructuring process can be initiated by extending the loan tenure with or without changes in the rate of interest. 

What is a one-time loan restructuring scheme?

As per the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) directives, banks and financial institutions can implement a recuperative plan for their financially affected customers trapped in the economic fallout that resulted from the COVID-19 pandemic. The resolution plan can also permit additional credit facilities or extend the remainder loan tenor by a moratorium not exceeding 2 years. The one-time loan restructuring scheme can be availed by individuals and entities who are likely to default their EMIs due to loss of income compelled by the pandemic. They must also not have any overdue EMI for more than 30 days as of 1st March 2020. For MSMEs, this period is 89 days, who have availed a loan of less than 25 crores. Lending banks can recognize these loan accounts as standard and need not book them as Non-performing assets (NPAs). 

Original Source - One Time Loan Restructuring

Investment Banking Firm – Overview, Functions and Benefits

 

What is investment banking?

Investment banking is a separate division of the financial sector that arranges debt and deals in securities for all types of corporate organizations. Additionally, it is also responsible for providing other services such as financial advisory services and mergers and acquisitions etc. In simple words, we can sum up that investment banking firm work as a mediator between the corporates looking forward to expanding their business and potential investors.

In modern times the financial needs of business owners have increased tremendously. On top of that, handling such large finances requires the assistance of experts such as investment bankers. Thus investment banks come to the rescue of such people with huge capital needs and help them run their businesses smoothly.

 

Overview of investment banking firm.

While a commercial bank is essential in handling the day to day financial needs of the people/ entrepreneurs and provides the credit requirements, an investment bank works as the backbone of our economy for arranging funds through debt and equity. Capital assessment and price setting are two main contributions of an investment bank towards an increasing economy of any country.

Other than this, these firms keep the present and future needs in mind while performing their role.

Original Source - Investment Banking Firm

Investment Banking Firm: A Complete Overview

 What Investment Banking firm do? 

Investment banking firm is a special department of banking that provide services like raise capital and financial consultancy to individuals and organizations.

Investment banking firms help in raising equity and debt capital. They provide advice to companies, individuals, and the government on financial and investment decisions. They act as a middleman between the security issuer and the investor and help new companies to start their business. They provide great and expert financial advice to their client and help them to get succeeded in the market.

Description Of Investment Banking firm 

Investment banking is one of the most complex departments of banking operations in finance. Investment banking firm provides various financial services like trading securities, debt syndication, private equity, financial advisory services, transaction advisory services, valuation services, and insolvency services to companies, organizations, individuals, and government.

An investment banking firm manages the financial aspects of large projects and helps governments, corporations, and other groups plan. They mainly help their clients in raising money through dues and equitableness offerings. They provide various financial services which include raising capital through Initial Public Offerings, selling shares to investors through private placements, credit facilities with the bank, or issuing and selling bonds on behalf of the client.

Investment banking firm can do purchasing and selling of trading securities on behalf of their clients to bring more profit to them.

Investment banking firm provides debt syndication and equity services to their clients. Raising debt syndication is done by issuing bonds to generate funds.

Original Source - Investment Banking Firm

Transaction Advisory Services: A Complete Overview

 Transaction advisory services are the third party services obtained from professional firms or investment banking firms. They help you handle all the tasks associated with your transactions from the start to the end and thus act as your business's support system , and meet requirements for expansion. Such as a merger or acquisition of an organization. When it comes to making choices on transactions, it is recommended to make decisions based on critical thinking and proper analysis. Such detailed analysis and problem-solving skills can turn any deal into success.

A business is built through sweat and hard work. Every decision is a small step towards accomplishing more significant goals and requires diligent planning. A business has to overcome a new set of challenges every day and strive towards success by defeating these challenges. In such a situation where a business is prone to a new set of hurdles and risks, it is recommended to seek help in minimizing the risks by availing the finance experts' services.

 

Why do you need the guidance of transaction advisory services?

A successful business involves a lot of sweat and hard work. Every decision is a small step towards accomplishing more significant goals. A business has to overcome a new set of challenges every day and strive towards success by overcoming them. In such a situation where a business is prone to a new set of challenges and risks, it is recommended to reduce them by availing professionals' services. There is nothing better than handing over the responsibility of business transactions to the transaction advisory services. Especially in business transactions, it is suggested to avoid uncertainties and avail transaction advisory services.

Why do you require the assistance of transaction advisory service providers?

The transaction advisory firms help the business in fetching more deals and provide assistance to reduce risks. The team of professionals possesses relevant skills and knowledge of their field. They offer several services, including strategic and financial advice, while finalizing a deal. They do their homework well in advance and proper market analysis to reduce the risks. Also, they have hands-on experience in handling several industries, including IT and food.

                     

Here is an overview of the service offered by these professionals

1. Analysis of the working capital of business - A transactional advisor offers essential and a variety of services. They also help in devising new plans and structures for reviving businesses so that they prosper. An analysis is done in-depth, and requirements of working capital are identified. All this gives tremendous support to business organizations.
2. Due diligence in every aspect of the business - With their vast experience in handling the various aspects of a business, they provide several services under one umbrella, including sales and acquisition of companies and corporate restructuring. Several factors ensure that this service offers smooth transactions. Here are a few aspects where due diligence is provided.

• Legal, due diligence - The legal aspect of a business is taken care of under this area. Documents of a contract are prepared and re-examined extensively, the legal matters are taken into consideration, and the license validity is checked from time to time.
• Financial due diligence - The present economic situation of the target company is analyzed. Thus, it is made sure that the clients understand the critical financial aspects. It is done by reviewing the financial statements, analyzing the revenue generated, and calculating the overall expenditure.

3. Transfer pricing services - The main aim of transfer pricing services is to properly allocate cost,revenue and profits in an efficient manner for multiple locations and multiple branch organisations including banks.Hence these policies are made to reduce taxes and generate more earnings. It is also based on the arm's length principle in the industry. Thus companies need to keep relevant documentation in this regard along with the supporting proof/evidence. In this regard, many operations are performed, such as preparing such documentation by the professionals in the transaction advisory firms, reviewing the supporting documents regularly, and executing transfer pricing strategies in an organization.

 

The transaction advisory firms assist you with innumerable transaction advisory services under one roof. With these banking experts' help, your business runs smoothly, and one can utilize its potential to the fullest. From planning to execution, all the phases are closely scrutinized by these firms. Their guidance and services are beneficial for your business. The consultation offered by them helps organizations flourish and reach great heights.

Orignal Source - https://www.resurgentindia.com/a-complete-overview-of-the-transaction-advisory-services

Investment Banking – Functions and Current Scenario in India

Investment banking is a specific banking field connected by some firms, governments, and entities to the production of capital. It is one of the most difficult financial processes in the world. Investment banks perform several positions and undertakings involving own purchase or selling of securities, mergers, and acquisitions by promoting M&A organisations; leveraged capital instruments lending for the production of and distribution of products and restructuring, which involves enhanced organisational structures that improve the productivity of an entity.

The investment banks act as a bridge between major companies and the investor by helping the companies to obtain debt finance through the attraction of corporate bond lenders. Investment banks play a significant function in generating fresh resources by developing loans for raw materials to the producers and fulfilling certain requirements in a nation to contribute thereby to the economic development and investment securities.

Functions of Investment Banking:

Mergers and Acquisitions: Company accounting, strategy, and corporate strategies in regards to buying or associating businesses in the field of mergers and acquisitions. For exchange, an investment firm pays M&A commissions. Investment banks shall take the following moves for M&A: seller or buyer participation are two kinds of investment bank M&A roles. The valuation of a company plays an essential role in M&A. The valuation of a business is determined by the fund. Two companies are designing the Investment Bank's plan for M&A. The investment bank always provides a client with financial arrangements, as M&A would require tons of money. It allows an organisation to raise M&A funds. The bank's key function is to supply the investor with new shares. This investment management role allows a small business to create a partnership when an acceptable target has been identified. This leads to the progress of the acquisition because this is achieved by an investment bank.

Underwriting New Stock Issues: The IPO is an initial public offer, in which a corporation employs an investment firm to file an IPO. The investment manager supports an entity in placing everything in a loan and selling the IPO. IPO is one of the core features of investment banking. In exchange, the bank pays a company's fee.

Sales: Another critical or core aspect is the revenue of an investment fund. They concentrate on naming high-profile persons and organisations for exchange proposals on the grounds of "Caveat Emptor." The traditional supermarket broker, sales representative, or private customer service agent are shaped by retailers. Classic retail brokers are developing and offering individual investors portfolio and commodity recommendations. Investment banks shape alliances with main corporate owners managing large asset groups.

Risk Management: Risk management of the company itself is apparent because risk management requires a continuous cycle because capital means a restriction to deter trade loss. Investment banks control threats at various rates by explaining what hazards are present and how they can be managed.

Current Scenario of Investment Banking in India

The investment bank in India is growing owing to an improved degree of interest and a reduced operating cost model for investors. India is now the fourth-largest economy in the world. It has reached the second position, especially in purchasing power, at its amazing GDP level in all developed countries. It will also demonstrate macro-level financial stability. The key force behind all economic growth is claimed to be financed. A decade after the financial crash, the global banking industry has become firmer. The need for structural reform is prioritised by the banking sector in 2020: Regulatory compliance, technology, risk management, and skills.

With the help of Resurgent India’s Investment Banking in Gurgaon, the clients can get solutions regarding the high-quality strategic advice and creative financial solutions, including mergers and acquisitions, funding, and risk management to choose the right option to meet and surpass your goals.

Original Source : https://bit.ly/2Emeyrw

Webinar on Future of Real Estate

RESURGENT INDIA KNOWLEDGE SERIES PRESENTS

Webinar on “Future of Real Estate"

Speakers: Mr. Getamber Anand, CMD- ATS Infrastructure Limited

Speakers: Mr. Sumit Dabriwala, MD- Hiland group

Moderated by- Ms. Sonal Mehta, VP-Resurgent India Limited

• Real Estate as a sector was already going through a slump pre-COVID-19.
• The future of commercial real estate with respect to work from home culture.
• Few trends that may prevail amidst the Covid-19 outbreak.
• Delays in construction activities to impact supply
• Reduced demand
• Rentals to come under pressure.
• Multiple government initiatives to revive the depression in the economy and its impact on the Real estate- Lowering of the repo and rev repo rates. Reduction of CRR .3 months of the moratorium for all the loans.

Key Takeaways

• Indian Economy has been facing several challenges in terms of new policies like GST and has been experiencing a liquidity crisis to which real estate is no exception.
• Infrastructure propelled the growth after the great depression in the early 40s. Real estate can be determined as a part of it. Real estate and construction stand second to agriculture in generating employment. The majority of the industry experts and bureaucrats are of the opinion that low hanging fruit that could engine the economy would be agriculture,  construction, and infrastructure- in which real estate can be classified.
• Real Estate has proven to be more secure than any other asset class given the current situation. Uncertainty is stricken with panic which gravitates large financial investors and even retail investors to safe-haven assets like gold and real estate. This tendency has been repeated historically.
• Despite the market condition, if promoted correctly, can prove to be a great opportunity. However, loss of a job can hinder the demand side of the asset but even that can be resolve if HFCs take an open-minded approach to the situation.
• Technology over the decade has leapfrogged. Work-from-home which was a small whisper in tech and IT companies has transformed into reality. It will gain more traction once various substantial issues like, data security, productivity monitoring can be tackled. It’s a lingering question as to how it's going to affect the commercial real estate but it can look promising for residential real estate.
• If work-from-home becomes a new normal and culture for professionals, it will be consequential to not only commercial real estate but also transport as a sector. Residential real estate will pick up momentum given the Indian psyche to own a house although rental housing is doing fairly well on the market. The only challenge is to identify the right ticket size, apartment size, and geographical location.
• Indian Real estate/infrastructure will become an attractive market for domestic as well as international investors post COVID-19 situation. It’s believed that it will be in better shape than any other sector because of demand for it and cheaper capital floating around the world.
• The construction halted at the moment will kickstart with the return of the labor. The other challenge that may obstruct the pace is the supply chain of raw materials for construction for which CREDAI will have to take some crucial and prompt decisions. Cement and steel will not be a challenge.
• Cheaper capital made available to the developers will further enhance the growth of the sector and the government is making informed and educated decisions on it. NBFC’s will also have to fall in the same line.
• Real estate developers are bringing about internal change and honing their skills in terms of the way they have been looking at the procedures historically and viewing the situation with a critical eye to prepare themselves for the new opportunities in the face of disaster.
• Due to reduced interest rates, banks and HFCs can initiate a tectonic shift in-country if cheaper capital is made available to the homebuyers which will not only change the real estate businesses but concurrently another stack of businesses closely associated with real estate. It will be interesting to see how the government harvests this opportunity.
• To tide over the challenge of the effect of looming slow turn in airlines and other sectors that coincide with real estate, RBI and the ministry of finance have generally instructed PSU banks to extend an additional 10-15% of working capital to businesses. NBFC’s lack liquidity but that can be routed if a bank borrows via LTR and raise bonds for NBFCs and provide them cheaper money. No expectations of cash inflow for another 6 months from the customers.
• No damp in the demand of the residential real sector as such if HFC’s come up with a product that addresses the issue of job loss of the homebuyers, reduced interest rates, and if the developer has the capacity and historical performance of execution.

• Inventory that has been relevant in the market never stopped selling out and will continue to sell out. Stack of unsold inventory also includes high-end real estate, wrongly configured, wrongly priced real estate, etc.
• There will be a delay in the project timeline due to the prevalent situation.
• There won’t be much inflexibility in work due to stalled imports of raw materials from china because not much was procured from Chinese industries, there is a dialogue going on to not buy from china which will prove to be a favorable time for domestic industries and a great push for our MAKE IN INDIA initiative.
• Restructuring packages by the RBI to aid industries. Even banks are vying for it to not deteriorate their books further. On totality positive outlook by the regulators to overcome this crisis
• Relaxation in penalties and charges are inevitable because of the demand of the situation.
• Equity money in form of FDI and sovereign investment will be flowing in because of domestic demand in the sector.
• There has been robust growth in the industrial and manufacturing side of the economy but there isn’t enough evidence to points that there may be the migration of manufacturing units from china to India. If GoI gives a push in the right direction there is an opportunity for industrials parks setting up with mixed-use licenses.
• Work-from-home style of working will spur the way we configure home and it will be interesting to see how it pans out in the upcoming years. It's going to be net positive for residential real estate.
• Lenders will be less averse lending to real estate because of a foreseeable sharp rise in the investment to this asset class.
• GoI has given real estate projects that are 50% homes and 60 sq.meters are infrastructure status. Steps being taken to push the government to give real estate as a whole infra status which will enable the industry to get cheaper money and other advantages.
• Rupee depreciation will be less in the foreseeable future which will deliver a lower cost of capital from overseas from a financial engineering standpoint. This instigates the flow of significant liquidity going forward in the economy which will impact the pricing of the capital in the domestic market accordingly.
• It’s too early to tell if big real estate giants will venture into home financing.
• As far as hospitality is concerned, businesses that own their customers will be in great shape. The temporary roadblock of 3-4 months for businesses that are rich in customer loyalty will not face any severe effects. They will bounce back and grow rapidly. But if a brand lacks the asset of customer loyalty then it will face the challenge and this holds true for businesses across industries and every brand.
• The real estate market is mostly an end-user-driven market. So, for developers targeting those kinds of audience, there is plenty of opportunities. Although for second-type real estate as a second investment it might not be lucrative because of illiquidity which may continue for another year or two.
• Co-working space can be help businesses expand at good times by acquiring or leasing more space in terms of sq. feet and degrow at difficult times and consolidate spaces. Mostly, this trend of co-working space is going to be there.
• REITs are a dynamic tool of investment and impending clarification on income tax has been cleared. A couple of REITs in the market have demonstrated themselves and are trading positively. A considerable amount of pool of capital will be supporting retail assets and commercial assets like these. This trend is very likely to accelerate in the upcoming years.

 Original Source: https://bit.ly/3js0gWi

►Watch the webinar here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LgpqAgo7_D4

Detailed Project Report (DPR) – A market insight

Detailed project report is the complete investment, decision-making, approval, and planning document. The study's breadth improves as project recognition and purpose to introduce the project develops. We assume that there is enough detailed information in the feasibility study. The perfectibility or feasibility report provides an endorsement of the investments on a project or a request to prepare the DPR, by the project owner.

Preparing DPR is expensive and time consuming when reports by experts from various strands such as market research, engineering (civil, mechanical, metallurgical, electronic), finance, and so on, depending on the project itself, are considered in the DPR.

Detailed project report (DPR) objectives:

• Adequate information should be included in the study to state the future fate of the project when adopted.

• The study should also address issues emerging from the project evaluations. The DPR should consider different types of studies-political, environmental, technological, social, etc.

The DPR should have all the necessary details to meet the purposes and should also represent the following aspects among other things:

1. Technical and architecture aspects of the Detailed Project Report (DPR):

Many projects will be completed, but with great doubt as to whether or how they will be technically feasible and will not end in cost overruns. The DPR will resolve limited technological challenges and expert’s research in this field will be beneficial. Innovative concepts are shown to be tougher than even scientific uncertainties-prototypes as such may seem innocent and less costly but can, in fact, be found to be entirely different later. The DPR should, therefore, deal with the already tested technology and design to minimise the risk of technology.

2. Economic aspects:

The project's economic dimensions include the plant position, the advantage to that area, including the maintenance facilities available, project length and total capacity, and the supply of capital and the use of such resources in a reasonably beneficial way, for example in relation to the possible market return on investments without inherent risks, the expected global rate of return.

3. Social and political aspects:

The attitude of the public towards a project is increasingly important. Environmental pollution, ecological balance, and/or imbalances are important issues in the DPR. The role of' policy in a major project, where political considerations rule, cannot be overlooked. The optimal situation is that project owners and managers be made responsible while the government provides the necessary conditions for their progress. Nevertheless, in practice, even before DPR finalization, promises and agreements are often politically motivated. This dangerous activity should, therefore, be accepted by the DPR.

4. Financial aspects:

The main priority of a project is to guarantee that funds/resources are available promptly. The availability of financing must be maintained during, i.e., during the duration of development and during the second part of the project, when income/benefit is to be created.

Detailed Project Report (DRP) in Gurgaon 2020 

At the beginning of this year, a study from the Haryana Government submitted a new DPR for the subway extension by the School of Planning and Architectural Affairs in September. The proposal must be revised, however, owing to the departure of Rapid Metro Rail Gurgaon Limited (RMGL) but no progress has happened.

What are the Latest trends of Project Finance?

Project finance relies primarily on the cash flows generated by the project serve as the source of loan repayment with the project's assets serves as a pledge for a non-recourse loan. It is the long-term infrastructure and the main characteristic is its non-recourse or limited recourse structure.

Financing involves the debt, contingent equity, and a variety of limited guarantees through a newly organized company for the purpose of building a capital intensive facility. Project finance is not appropriate for small projects. While it is more expensive and it enables sponsors to finance projects off-balance sheet that makes the form of finance attractive for joint ventures, PPPs, infrastructure projects or other projects where a sponsor wishes to buckler its other assets from the risk of a project failure.

Latest trends of project finance

The significant development has seen in the last financial year in the sectors such as city gas distribution projects, aviation, and renewable energy, India has also witnessed a consolidation of sorts and an increased focus in resolving assets. The RBI, by its circular dated 12 February 2018 has completely refurbished the regulatory framework for the resolution of stressed assets. It supplants all existing restructuring frameworks including resolution under the joint lenders’ forum and strategic debt restructuring and provides for a unified framework for restructuring of stressed assets.

India has also cleared faster adoption and manufacturing of electric vehicles, to increase the push for electric vehicles and energy storage systems in India. there has also been a focus on making infrastructure projects more bankable with the modification being made in standard form concession agreements to make infrastructure projects more appealing to developers. The roads and transportation sector has also seen the introduction of the toll-operate-transfer model.

7 Main Functions of Investment Banking Firm

Investment banks are the intermediary organisations that serve a variety of services such as handling of mergers and acquisition, underwriting of new stock issues, and acts as a financial advisor. They act as a middleman between issuer and investor and helps clients raise capital through equity and debt offering. Some of the investment banks are Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, Credit Issue, etc.

Functions of investment banking firms are:

1. Advisor : An investment bank serves as an adviser to any company and assists in the best possible way to raise capital, including selling bonds and shares, if necessary. Financial analysts analyse various factors, such as earning potential, before selling their stocks or bonds to determine the value of the company. Banks advise the company’s management on how valuable the company is and how the organisation is likely to benefit from merger and acquisition.
2. Underwriting stocks and bonds: If an individual decides to raise capital through a sale of equity and bonds, the shares will also be underwritten by one or more investment banks. This ensures that the company purchases or re-sells a certain number of shares – or securities – at a fixed value via an auction.
3. Research: Bigger investment firms have analysts who analyse business information and decide how they are likely to benefit from selling or buying. Reports are sold to managers of mutual funds and hedge funds for capital generation.
4. Trading and sales: Various firms have a department for trading that can sell bonds or stocks as per the need of their clients.
5. Asset Management: Companies such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan use their asset management division to handle pension funds, insurance companies and charity accounts.
6. Wealth Management: Investment banks also provide funding options for pension and other long-term needs of individuals and families.
7. Securitized Products: Enterprises also pool financial assets these days – from loans to receivables from credit cards – or market them as fixed-income securities to shareholders. An investment bank will propose sources of income to be "secured," arrange the assets, and sell them to institutional investors.

Overview of Financial Services & Advisory Firms in India.

India is experiencing rapid expansion in terms of Economic Diversification. There is a rapid expansion in both existing financial services companies and new financial companies entering the market. Financial services include commercial banks, brokers, not-for-profit financial companies, cooperatives, pension funds, mutual funds, and more. Indian Government has implemented many reforms in order to liberalize, control, and develop the finance sector. The experts in the financial services sector provide the banking and bonds, insurance, and investment management industries with extensive integrated solutions.

Following are the advantages of Financial Services in India:

• Growing Demand: The increasing income drives financial services demand across revenue lines.
• Innovation: India benefits from a broad cross-usage of the financial services network.
• Policy Support: The Indian Government has approved new banking licenses in the insurance sectors, and is increasing FDI quotas. 
• Growing penetration: In rural areas, credit, insurance, and investment penetration are on the rise. In addition, HNWI membership has been increasing in the wealth management segments.

Advisory Firms includes several financial advisors that provide advisory services to clients across the globe. It entirely focuses on strategizing for the success and growth of a business. A financial advisor discusses different investment options: Shares, tax laws, commitments, and insurance. A business can always be benefited from expert advice so its goal is to help show strength and resolve the weakness and can make a difference in business success from its point of view. Advisory Firms provide opportunities to the financial service clients in the following areas: Quality, Operational Excellence, Growth strategy, Informational enforcement technology, Customer loyalty and feedback, Fusions and acquires Performance improvements, Private Equity, and Management change. They both work together by developing and endorsing or implementing transparent, concrete action plans in order to ensure significant and enduring improvements in performance.