7 Main Functions of Investment Banking Firm

Investment banks are the intermediary organisations that serve a variety of services such as handling of mergers and acquisition, underwriting of new stock issues, and acts as a financial advisor. They act as a middleman between issuer and investor and helps clients raise capital through equity and debt offering. Some of the investment banks are Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, Credit Issue, etc.

Functions of investment banking firms are:

1. Advisor : An investment bank serves as an adviser to any company and assists in the best possible way to raise capital, including selling bonds and shares, if necessary. Financial analysts analyse various factors, such as earning potential, before selling their stocks or bonds to determine the value of the company. Banks advise the company’s management on how valuable the company is and how the organisation is likely to benefit from merger and acquisition.
2. Underwriting stocks and bonds: If an individual decides to raise capital through a sale of equity and bonds, the shares will also be underwritten by one or more investment banks. This ensures that the company purchases or re-sells a certain number of shares – or securities – at a fixed value via an auction.
3. Research: Bigger investment firms have analysts who analyse business information and decide how they are likely to benefit from selling or buying. Reports are sold to managers of mutual funds and hedge funds for capital generation.
4. Trading and sales: Various firms have a department for trading that can sell bonds or stocks as per the need of their clients.
5. Asset Management: Companies such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan use their asset management division to handle pension funds, insurance companies and charity accounts.
6. Wealth Management: Investment banks also provide funding options for pension and other long-term needs of individuals and families.
7. Securitized Products: Enterprises also pool financial assets these days – from loans to receivables from credit cards – or market them as fixed-income securities to shareholders. An investment bank will propose sources of income to be "secured," arrange the assets, and sell them to institutional investors.

Overview of Financial Services & Advisory Firms in India.

India is experiencing rapid expansion in terms of Economic Diversification. There is a rapid expansion in both existing financial services companies and new financial companies entering the market. Financial services include commercial banks, brokers, not-for-profit financial companies, cooperatives, pension funds, mutual funds, and more. Indian Government has implemented many reforms in order to liberalize, control, and develop the finance sector. The experts in the financial services sector provide the banking and bonds, insurance, and investment management industries with extensive integrated solutions.

Following are the advantages of Financial Services in India:

• Growing Demand: The increasing income drives financial services demand across revenue lines.
• Innovation: India benefits from a broad cross-usage of the financial services network.
• Policy Support: The Indian Government has approved new banking licenses in the insurance sectors, and is increasing FDI quotas. 
• Growing penetration: In rural areas, credit, insurance, and investment penetration are on the rise. In addition, HNWI membership has been increasing in the wealth management segments.

Advisory Firms includes several financial advisors that provide advisory services to clients across the globe. It entirely focuses on strategizing for the success and growth of a business. A financial advisor discusses different investment options: Shares, tax laws, commitments, and insurance. A business can always be benefited from expert advice so its goal is to help show strength and resolve the weakness and can make a difference in business success from its point of view. Advisory Firms provide opportunities to the financial service clients in the following areas: Quality, Operational Excellence, Growth strategy, Informational enforcement technology, Customer loyalty and feedback, Fusions and acquires Performance improvements, Private Equity, and Management change. They both work together by developing and endorsing or implementing transparent, concrete action plans in order to ensure significant and enduring improvements in performance.

An Introduction to Private Equity Firms

Private equity is a company's private ownership, unlike stock ownership. Private equity investors can buy all or part of a private or public company and usually keep their investment for about 5-10 years before selling. Typically, private equity firms look for a return of about $2.50 for every dollar invested.

Private Equity Firms are the firms that share representing an entity’s ownership or interest that is not listed or traded publicly. They raise money to provide their shareholder customers with profitable returns. The business of the enterprise requires large capital expenditure to change the minimum capital requirements for investors depending on the enterprise and the fund. Companies have the ability, ideas, and expertise to take on and strengthen the underperforming organization by enhancing the operational efficiencies that lead to higher profits and creating value by aiming to align the interests of organization management with the investors.

Functions of Private Equity Companies are:-

• Raise Capital: Capital raising companies play a role by acquiring capital obligations by limited partners and external financial institutions, such as pension and pensions funds, insurance companies, wealthy persons and funds.

• Sourcing, due diligence, and deal closing: Public equity companies will consider such things as the business sector, management, financial performance, the possible exit scenarios. Public equity companies will take into account the final terms of the deal are then negotiated and the deal is closed, funds are released and equity transactions are carried out.

• Equipment improvements: Companies offer a variety of strategic support and advice, financial management, operations, business improvement to make the final outcome profitable.

• Profit from portfolio companies: In the end, the objective of a firm is to gain profit, normally over 3-7 years following the initial investment, depending on the time of the strategic location. During exit value, costs are recognized, debt used to fund the transaction is paid down, revenue is increased over the holding period, working capital is optimized and the company is sold at a higher price.

3 Major Factors That Affects Corporate Finance of a Company

A division of finance that deals in the financing, investment decision, and capital structuring is termed as Corporate Finances. These finances comprise of the tools and analysis for the utilization and proper distribution of financial resources.

Corporate finances help gain the shareholder's maximum value for the money they had invested in the company, whose financial aspects are adequately handled by the management. It is the sole responsibility of the management to ensure that the shareholders receive the maximum return in the form of increased share prices and dividends. Nature of Corporate Finances differs from company to company and mainly depends on the area in which the company deals in.

Three factors that majorly affect the Corporate Finances of a Company are:

1. Investments and Capital Budget: It basically includes the planning of placing the long-term capital assets of the company to generate maximum returns with risk-adjusted. Investments and capital budgeting mainly comprise of opting an investment opportunity with the help of extensive financial analysis. A company with the help of investments and capital budgeting identifies capital expenditures, compares planned investments, decides the project to include in the budget, and estimates cash flows. 
2. Capital Financing: Capital financing helps make decisions on how to finance capital investment in a better way with the help of business’ equity, debt, or both. The stocks of the company can be sold or debts can be introduced in the markets with the help of investment banks to receive long-term funding for capital investments. Equity and debt must be balanced and closely managed since too much of debt can result in the increased risk of default repayment. Whereas, dependency on equity may result in dilution of earnings and value for original investors.
3. Dividends and Capital Return: This helps decide whether excess earnings in the business should be retained for future investments and operational requirements or whether it should be distributed to shareholders in the form of dividends or share buybacks. For business expansion, funds from retained earnings can be used since they are not distributed back to the shareholders. If a return rate on capital investment greater than Company’s capital cost can be earned, managers might pursue it, else, should be returned in the form of dividends or share buybacks.

Impact on Private Equity Funding From Demonetization to the GST Tax

From demonetization to the GST tax regime, our Indian economy has seen a lot in the previous 5 years! Consequently, the large institutional investors from around the glove have not started considering this new found economy as a wonderful pasture for the private equity. Any of the small investors in our country can join this bandwagon of these large investors, and mint money in this market that is brimming with opportunities.

United States in 1920 & India in 2020

India’s real estate sector almost collapsed after demonetization! Most firms dealing with private equity declared this economy as a cash-starving industry! Indeed it is! There is definitely no denial to the fact that black market deals were happening in the unorganized real estate sector in the country. Maybe, this was the very reason for serious private equity related firms not been keen on this particular sector. However, the budget came as a respite when the RBI said about bringing down the ROIs; so now the ball is in the court of the banks for them to translate this into some serious business. In 1920, USA economists had also supported such type of a move where the Government was told to bring forth massive infrastructure-based project(s) there. In India’s current development, institutional private equity players are displaying a keen interest again in this real estate sector. 

Let Resurgent Be Your Private Equity Partner

At Resurgent India, the experts constantly watch the moves of these big sharks, and as per that, formulate some of the scenarios, which can facilitate the clients’ interests in this market that is ready to take a great leap.

ESOP Valuation Can Be the Modern-Day Lottery for Employees Working in Promising Start-ups

In the year 1971, Carolyn Davidson, a student of Graphic designing, sketched the mark of the right tick on a paper. At that point, she was not aware of the fact that the same mark will make her a billionaire one day. We all know this mark as the iconic logo for Nike. The founder of the company Phil Knight offered a 3 percent of ESOP (Employee stock ownership plan) to her she was not aware of the fact that fifteen years down the line the ESOP Valuation of these shares will first make her a millionaire and then a billionaire (Nike Logo Evolution – The $35 Swoosh, 2018). 

Top Ten Start-Up Companies of India Are Buying Back ESOP’s 

Those who are keen to invest in the start-up companies would definitely show some interest when we will tell them that the top ten start-up companies listed by linked in have already started the process ESOP evaluation. The recent example of ESOP Valuation belongs to OYO. OYO has finally started to implement its ESOP Valuation program, and in the first year, they will buy back shares worth fifty crores (Bansal, 2019).

ESOP Valuation Does Make a Difference!

Almost a year ago when Wall Mart purchased stakes in Flipkart India the valuation of the employees of this company increased. Within no time the share of Flipcart also saw a boom. According to an estimate ESOP Valuation of Flipkart added 1.5 Billion dollars in their kitty prior to the deal with the Wallmart (Rathore, 2019). In general ESOP Valuation based shares act as a dormant share for any company. However, when they sense that after making some moves in the market the share prices will shoot up then they prefer to purchase the shares of ESOP Valuation back. First Wallmart followed by OYO, the trend of buying back the ESOP Valuation based shares is catching up.

As an investor, you can treat it as an indicator and if you wish to explore the details then executives working under the umbrella of RESURGENT INDIA can clear the picture for you. 

Benefits of Debt Syndication

The aim of every business is to prosper and grow for which it has to continuously meet its working capital and growth finance needs. Debt syndication proves to be a great funding tool for such companies and is even considered better than other debt options such as bank loans and bonds. In debt syndication, the borrower gets funds from two or more lenders, who generally entrust the lead lender with the responsibilities of origination and administration of the loan. This debt mechanism has been around for a long time, but its popularity has simply exploded in the past few years.

Win-Win Situation

Debt syndication not only benefits lenders but also borrowers who need capital to fund their continued growth. Lenders prefer debt syndication as it limits their risks and even enables them to give more loans to different portfolios. Besides, the administration of loan is done proficiently by the agent that manages the whole process on behalf of all the syndicate members, saving other members’ time and effort. 

Borrowers, on the other hand, don’t have to negotiate with individual financial institutes, which can be quite taxing. The time and effort that they save can be channelized in other productive tasks. Along with the consolidation of efforts, debt syndication helps borrowers in making new contacts with financial institutes that are part of the syndicate. Debt syndication is also cost saving as funds are cheaper in the syndicated loan market in comparison to a series of bilateral loans. In addition, it provides them the flexibility in shaping their syndicated loans as well as greater visibility in the market.

Thus, debt syndication has not only benefited several borrowing companies by contributing to their growth but also proved beneficial for lending financial institutes. 

Choose Resurgent India

Resurgent India provides customized financing solutions with a thorough understanding of the debt syndication process. The debt syndication managers here can arrange debts at competitive rates by assembling a group of financial institutes to form a syndicate to effortlessly meet the requirements of the borrowers.